Iraq's Plight of Progress

John Thomson

Sunday, January 30, 2005: a critical date for Iraq, the United States, the Middle East and the entire freedom-loving world.  Not only does it mark Iraq’s first democratic elections in generations, but the event, no matter the results, represents a significant victory for the Bush administration and a blast of fresh governing air for the entire Arab and Islamic world.

As important, the election of a National Assembly represents a smashing defeat for terrorism in general and Al-Qaeda in particular.  Despite the massed mischief of Baathist ex-members of Saddam Hussein’s hated regime, Syria, Iran and anti-democratic jihadists from Muslim community’s worldwide, large numbers of Iraqis will vote in an open election for the first time in most of their lives.

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the Jordanian exile designated by Osama bin Laden to head Al-Qaeda in Iraq, has spoken for all who wish freedom and the free market no good in the country.  Declaring “all-out war” against democracy, he has openly called for civil war, a cry not well-received by the overwhelming majority of Iraqis, Sunni and Shia alike.  Oddly, his objective of defeating the democratic process seems to be shared by Bush antagonists worldwide, including not a few in the United States.

Given continued resolve by George W. Bush and the freely elected leaders who will take office in Baghdad, however, the doomsday seers and the terrorists in the field will lose.  Much like Afghanistan, where the negative nabobs said we were stumbling into a quagmire – only to see free elections, marked by universal suffrage, followed by relative peace – Iraq is on a difficult but determined path to creating an open society.  Veterans of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and other hotspots of the 1960s and 70s who have studied the situation on the ground in Iraq and earlier in Afghanistan, see little to justify claims of strong similarities between the two sets of regional conflict.  As one who has covered both, I concur.

This is not to say there will not be a host of challenges, post January 30.

• Al-Zarqawi and his ilk, foreign and domestic, will continue their efforts to undermine the democratic process in Baghdad.
• The National Assembly will have long and heated debates as it works to select by two-thirds majority a President and two Vice Presidents and, later, fashion a constitution acceptable to all Iraqis.
• The Syrian and Iranian regimes will continue supporting efforts to destabilize Iraqi society, covertly supported by Saudi interests.
• At the same time, in the most pernicious challenge of all, Iran’s power-happy mullahs will seek to control the governing process in Baghdad.

There is little doubt the Shia will gain significant, effectively controlling, power in the elections.  Equally, within the Shia group of elected assembly men and women, the United Iraqi Alliance [UIA] formed under the guidance of Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, will be the single strongest Shia force.  Al-Sistani, born in Iran, is nevertheless strongly opposed to Tehran’s mullahcracy, on the grounds that clerics should not be directly involved in political activities, rather serving as guides and advisors to those actively participating in politics.

The danger comes from two political groups within the UIA, respectively led by Ahmed Chalabi and Abdel Aziz al-Hakim.  Both individuals have strong ties to Tehran, and both receive aid and advice from their mullah-mates.  Although they have had significant differences in the past, a governing alliance of convenience brokered by Iran is a disturbing possibility.  Working within the loose UIA structure, the two could take advantage of Grand Ayatollah Al-Sistani’s shunning of direct political activity, effectively to push him to the sidelines.

Ahmed Chalabi’s perfidy is by now well-known.  Having left Iraq more than 40 years ago, the artful Chalabi went on to a checkered career.  Convicted of embezzling hundreds of millions of dollars from his family-owned Petra Bank in Amman, Jordan, he later received a reported $100 million or more into his London-based Iraqi National Council coffers from the U.S. Department of Defense, for highly questionable information about the Saddam regime and its opposition.  At the same time he was counseling the Defense Department, Chalabi was a frequent flyer to Tehran where he informed senior government officials about U.S. plans vis-à-vis Iraq and received misinformation to transmit back to his Washington clients.

Abdel Aziz al-Hakim was the first exiled Shia cleric to return to Iraq after Saddam’s fall, arriving in the town of Kut in mid-April of 2003.  He had lived in Tehran for 23 years and understudied his brother who formed the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq [SCIRI].  Unlike brother Muhammad Bakr, Abdel Aziz never attained the rank of ayatollah, and instead concentrated on developing and leading SCIRI’s militant wing, the Badr Brigades.  SCIRI was financially supported by Tehran for nearly 20 years, with the Badr Brigades trained by Iran’s infamous Revolutionary Guard.

Abdel Aziz al-Hakim has repeatedly said he supports a secular government; however, three factors suggest that he could actually be seeking direct political power.  As a member of Iraq’s Interim Governing Council, he proposed that Islam’s restrictive Sharia Law be adopted as the basis for family and civil law.  In addition, the continually circulated rumors that he will agree to serve as President if elected are considered by many to be more than a spontaneous campaign.  Finally, Al-Hakim’s evident working alliance with Chalabi suggests he is seeking at the least to amass the necessary votes in the National Assembly to control the Presidential selection process, if not be elected to the post himself.

So much for the possible pitfalls: has it all been worth it?  Is the path to peace and progress all that important?  Have there been any significant developments to justify the enormous cost in American blood and treasure?  The answers, resoundingly, are yes.

The most cruel and combative regime in the entire Middle East has been eliminated, freeing 28 million Iraqis and ending palpable threats to six neighboring countries.  With Afghanistan, two Muslim dominated countries are being added to the still short list of democratic Muslim states [Turkey, Malaysia and Indonesia, with Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Tunisia, Pakistan and Bangladesh in various stages of development].  Pakistan, as a leading example, has moved from a semi-democratic, semi-jihadist condition, first to neutrality and more recently to virtual alliance with the U.S. in the war on terrorism.

The sons of Libya’s Muammar Ghadafi and Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak have foresworn further interest in succeeding their fathers, although both had spent 10 or more years preparing themselves to lead their nations.  Libya has ended its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and handed accumulated materials and equipment over to the United States.

Saudi Arabia, long a condoner of extremist excesses, will this year hold the country’s first genuine elections in 70 years, when half the members of newly formed municipal councils will be chosen by male voters.  Moreover, the government professes to have stopped aiding radical mosques and madrassahs around the world, and the Ministry of Education has made radical excisions in the texts used in Saudi schools.

Even Iran and North Korea, two of the most despotic regimes in the world, have been remarkably quiescent for the last year and more.

Of course, much remains to be done.  Iraq-based terrorists must be eliminated, and their openly supportive governments in Damascus and Tehran pressured to change … or be changed.  This need not require military invasion; rather, strong diplomatic pressure on the widely unpopular regimes, plus expressed sympathy for dissident elements could make for major adjustments in both countries. 

Syria should be pressed to withdraw the credentials of the renegade Iraqi embassy in Damascus, which issues visas and passports for virtually any would be Muslim/Arab terrorist.  The UN pressure on Syria to withdraw its troops from neighboring Lebanon, which it has occupied for 29 years, should be increased with a demand that free elections be held within 90 days of troop departure.  Even before Syrian troop withdrawal, U.S. and/or IAEA inspectors should be allowed free access to the Beka’a Valley, long a hothouse for Hezbollah and Hamas guerillas and currently a suspected resting place for Saddam’s WMD.

Iran should be pressed to expel the known Al-Qaeda and Talaban terrorists currently receiving safe haven, as well as allow full and free access to all its nuclear development sites.  The Gulf sheikhdom of Qatar, where at the government’s invitation the U.S. has invested billions to establish its largest Middle East base, should be pressed to rein in the foul-mouthed, state-owned Al-Jazeera television station, which for years has served as a virulent pro-terrorist propaganda center.

Not to be left unmentioned, Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak, after 24 years in power, must be persuaded to carry through on his promise to establish a viable process for electing his successor.  And the state-controlled media should be forcefully encouraged to desist from years of anti-American and anti-Israeli billingsgate, as small recompense for more than $50 billion in American aid since the 1979 Camp David accords that resulted in establishment of Egyptian-Israeli diplomatic relations.

In the end, much continues to depend on Iraq.  Historically with Egypt one of the two major Arab centers of power and learning, all eyes will be fixed on developments within the Fertile Crescent, and virtually all Iraqis know it.

• Falah Hassan al-Naquib, interim Interior Minister and a Sunni leader, has said, “The elections are critical for Iraq and all Sunnis who want a stable country”.
• Samir Samaidaie, Iraqi Ambassador to the United Nations and a Kurd leader, has said, “The elections are an event of historic proportions for all the Middle East, as well as Iraq”.
• Ali al-Sistani, Grand Ayatollah and religious leader of Iraq’s dominant Shia community, has repeatedly promised significant Sunni representation in the National Assembly, whether or not the Baathist thugs and their jihadist allies succeed in frightening Iraqi Sunnis from voting.

Notwithstanding the risks, the dooms dayers, nay sayers and Bush haters, the odds heavily favor the continued evolution of Iraq from Saddam’s sadistic satrapy to a free market and democratic society.  Fully 80% of Iraqis know that they are witnessing their best chance for freedom and self-expression, as do a solid majority of citizens in Japan, China, India, Pakistan and the former Soviet bloc, not to exclude the United States.  Granted much of old Europe continues to oppose U.S. activities in the war on terror: it is no small feat that nations representing nearly 75% of the world’s population support the determined removal of the threat of terrorism and regimes providing support to this century’s great scourge.

The tide of history is turning against dictators and terrorists, in favor of the free market and democracy.  Despots and crackpots from Bashar al-Assad in Damascus to Hugo Chavez in Caracas take note.

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John R. Thomson has lived and worked in the Middle East for more than three decades, having based in Beirut, Cairo and Riyadh.  His frequent writing partner, Dr. Hussain Hindawi. currently serves as Chair of Iraq’s Independent Electoral Council.

Updated 1/27/05